Talent pool and seniority
India has the largest developer population and the deepest bench of senior engineers. The Philippines and Indonesia are both fast-growing; Indonesia in particular has a strong engineering pipeline from universities such as ITB, UI, UGM, and ITS, making it a strong choice for product and software roles rather than only support functions.
Cost and English
Indicative senior software-engineer cost across Southeast Asia and India is far below US levels — often in the tens of thousands of dollars per year versus well over a hundred thousand in major US hubs. English proficiency is strong in the Philippines and in the vetted tech tier across India and Indonesia, which is why rigorous screening matters when hiring in Indonesia.
Time zones and compliance
All three sit in Asia-Pacific time zones with full APAC overlap and partial overlap with US and European hours. Each has mandatory employment rules — Indonesia (BPJS, THR), the Philippines (13th-month pay, SSS), and India (PF, ESI) — which an Employer of Record handles so you stay compliant in any of them.